创新与竞争:专利制度的前景属性

Innovation and Competition:The Prospective Properties of Patent System

依据前景理论,专利制度具有前景属性,通过赋予发明创造人专有权以实现对创新资源的管理、协调和发展,提高资源的利用率,并在与后来发明创造人协调的过程中促进新技术的产生。传统的激励理论突出了专利制度的垄断属性,而前景理论从实质层面说明了专利制度的基本性质,突出了专利制度的竞争属性。依据专利制度的前景属性,专利制度鼓励创新和竞争,不能解决但能引导租值消散的方向。因此,专利制度在专利标准的认定、专利权保护的范围和期限以及专利权种类和内容的法定上应更为审慎、明确和细致,在与国际接轨时也应依据本国实际情况予以调整。以前景理论构建专利制度,更有利于发明创造适应市场经济的运作规律,进一步推动社会创新和市场竞争。

According to the prospect theory,the patent system has the attribute of prospect.By giving the inventor exclusive rights,the management,coordination and development of innovation resources are realized so as to improve the utilization of resources and promote the generation of new technologies in coordination with successive inventors.The incentive theory highlights the monopoly attribute of the patent system,while the prospect theory explains the substantive nature of the patent system and highlights the competitive attribute of the patent system.The patent system,which encourages innovation and competition,cannot solve but can guide the direction of rent dissipation.According to these prospective attributes,the patent system should be more prudent,clear and meticulous in the identification of patent standards,the scope and duration of patent protection,and the legal classification and content of patent rights.It should also be adjusted according to the actual domestic situation when going internationalized.The establishment of patent system based on prospect theory is more conducive for invention and creation to adjust to the operation of market economy,and further promotes social innovation and market competition.