巨型星座发展与太空现代化治理

Development of Mega-Constellations and Modern Space Governance

以“星链”星座等为代表的巨型低轨星座飞速发展,这些星座致力于提供前沿的卫星互联网商业服务,在其发展的背后也获得了本国政府的全面支持。巨型星座占用大量宝贵的空间频率轨位资源,同时也加剧了空间碎片环境风险,这对太空治理提出了诸多严峻的挑战,如频率轨位资源只掌握在少数国家手中,使后来者不再能公平探索和利用近地轨道资源;当前的规则不足以控制空间碎片增加和航天器在轨碰撞加剧的风险等。在“人类命运共同体”视域下,审视巨型星座飞速发展所带来的问题和影响,从“太空现代化治理”的角度出发,认为应开启对低地球轨道“公平进入”原则适用性的探讨、广泛推进卫星寿命末期标准采用以及推进空间交通管理发展,以维护人类对低地球轨道公平探索和利用。

Low orbit mega-constellations,such as Starlink,have grown rapidly and providing cutting-edge satellite Internet commercial services with government support.Because the use of a large number of precious space frequency and orbital resources increased the environmental risk of space debris and posed a number of serious challenges to space governance,e.g.,frequency and orbital resources are owned by few countries,it is impossible for emerging players to fairly explore and utilize low-earth orbit resources.Current rules are insufficient to control the risk of increased space debris and in-orbit collisions.In this paper,from the perspective of a community of shared future for mankind,the problems and impacts caused by the rapid development of mega-constellations were examined,and suggestions for modern space governance were put forward to promote the equitable exploration and utilization of low orbit resources.It is suggested that the applicability of the principle of equitable access to low earth orbit should be discussed,the standards for the end of life of satellites should be widely adopted and the development of space traffic management should be promoted.