真菌鉴别和检测的SERS光谱技术研究进展

Research Progress in Identification and Detection of Fungi Based on SERS Spectroscopy

真菌是一种广泛存在于自然界的病原微生物,具有细胞核、细胞壁等结构,可以引起动、植物和人类的多种疾病。真菌感染是临床上常见的感染性疾病之一,使得近年来针对真菌的高效检测及真菌相关领域的研究备受关注。目前真菌的传统检测方法主要有培养、镜检与分子生物学检测法等,均具有操作复杂、耗时等缺点。表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)技术以其不受水分子干扰、能反应分子指纹信息、检测迅速等特点在真菌的检测与鉴别领域逐渐发挥出明显的优势。在简要介绍真菌的结构特点及真菌常用的检测方法基础之上,主要针对拉曼光谱(Raman spectrum)/SRES技术在真菌检测和鉴别中的应用进行调研和讨论。首先通过对Raman/SERS技术的特点以及真菌的结构特征进行解析,根据调研Raman/SERS技术用于真菌检测的相关文献,分析了SERS技术用于真菌检测的可行性,提出SERS技术在真菌检测时会面临检测灵敏度低、信号复杂、选择性和特异性差以及信号重现性和稳定性不佳等难点。为解决以上难题,分析了SERS的增强模式,重点针对SERS的纳米增强介质材料、SERS标签(SERS_(tag))的信号放大效应以及SERS光谱分析技术与微流控芯片分析技术结合等SERS分析新进展,予以了系统地综述和讨论。通过纳米材料选择和纳米微结构的构建,SERS增强介质所产生的SERS增强效应在真菌鉴别以及临床疾病快速诊断中显示出巨大的发展潜力;基于SERS_(tag)产生的信号放大机制,可以有效提高真菌SERS检测的灵敏度、特异性和重现性;在微流控芯片中设计和集成SERS增强纳米微结构,构建基于SERS_(tag)的信号放大策略,开展针对真菌的快速高效测试方法研究,更有望实现真菌样本的高通量及高内涵SERS检测,其在真菌的鉴别和检测上显示出巨大的研究价值和应用前景。

Fungi are a group of pathogenic microorganisms with nuclei and cell walls.They are widespread and cause a variety of diseases in animals,plants,and humans.Fungal infection is one of the most common clinical infectious diseases,making the efficient detection method and related research of fungi attract more attention in recent years.At present,fungi traditional detection methods mainly include culture,microscopy and molecular biology detection,which have the disadvantages of complex operation and time-consuming.Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)technology has gradually played an important role in fungal detection and identification due to its advantages such as no interference from water,providing molecular fingerprint information and rapid detection.In this paper,based on the brief introduction of the structural characteristics and the common detection methods of fungi,Raman/SERS technology in the identification and detection of fungi was investigated and discussed.Firstly,through the analysis of the characteristics of Raman/SERS and the structure of fungi,according to the related references,the feasibility of SERS technology for fungal detection was analyzed.It was found that there are some problems in the detection of fungi by SERS,such as low sensitivity,complex signal,poor selectivity and specificity,poor signal reproducibility and stability.To solve these problems,the enhancement mechanism of SERS was analyzed.In particular,the review and prospect of the new advances in SERS analysis focused on the nano-enhanced medium materials of SERS,the signal amplification effect of SERS_( tag) and the combination of SERS spectral microfluidic chip analysis technology.The selection of nanomaterials and the construction of nanostructures showed that the SERS enhancement effect produced by the SERS enhancement substrate has great potential in fungal identification and rapid diagnosis of clinical disease.Based on the SERS_( tag)’s signal amplification mechanism,the sensitivity,specificity and reproducibility of fungal SERS detection can be greatly improved.More importantly,the design and integration of SERS nano-enhanced substrates on microfluidic chips and the construction of signal amplification strategy based on SERS_( tag)s are more likely to achieve high-throughput and high-content SERS detection of fungal samples,which shows great research value and application prospects in the identification and detection of fungi.