基于InVEST模型的粤港澳大湾区生境质量时空演变分析

Spatial and temporal evolution of habitat quality in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area based on InVEST model

评估与分析城市群生境质量的时空演变,对区域生境保护、生态安全格局构建、经济和生态协调发展具有重要意义。以粤港澳大湾区为例,基于1980年、1995年、2005年、2015年四期土地利用数据,运用InVEST模型和ArcGIS软件,在研究土地利用变化的基础上分析粤港澳大湾区生境质量时空演变特征。结果表明:(1)1980—2015年,粤港澳大湾区土地利用变化剧烈,主要表现为建设用地持续扩增、耕地大量减少。各地类间转换以耕地、林地和水域向建设用地转移为主,主要发生在东莞市、深圳市、中山市等经济发展较快区域。(2)粤港澳大湾区生境质量呈中部和中南部低、四周边缘地带高的空间格局。35年间,生境质量不断下降,大部分区域生境质量向更低等级转化,且低等级生境质量区域主要沿中部向珠江两岸方向延伸。(3)土地利用变化与生境质量相关性显著。综合土地利用动态度越大的区域,其生境质量变化越显著,这表明粤港澳大湾区生境质量不断下降的主要原因是土地利用变化剧烈,急剧扩张的建设用地侵占了大量的耕地和其它地类,对生境造成了破坏。

The evaluation and analysis of spatial and temporal evolution of urban agglomeration habitat quality is of great significance to regional habitat protection,ecological security pattern construction,and coordinated economic and ecological development.This paper takes the Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example.Based on the land use data of the fourth period of 1980,1995,2005 and 2015,the InVEST model and ArcGIS software were used to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of habitat quality in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area based on the study of land use change.Results showed that:(1)From 1980 to 2015,the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area witnessed a drastic change in land use,which was mainly manifested in the continuous expansion of built-up land and the substantial reduction of cropland.The conversion among various types of land use mainly involved the transfer of cropland,woodland and water body to built-up land.And these transfers took place mainly in regions with fast economic development,such as Dongguan,Shenzhen and Zhongshan.(2)The spatial pattern of habitat quality in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was low in the central and southern part and high in the surrounding areas.During the study period,the habitat quality of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area declined continuously.The habitat quality of most areas changed to lower grade,and the low grade habitat quality areas mainly extended along the central part to both sides of the Pearl River.(3)There was a significant correlation between land use change and habitat quality.The larger the comprehensive land use dynamic was,the more significant the habitat quality change was,which indicated that the main reason for the continuous decline of habitat quality in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was the drastic change of land use,especially the rapidly expanding built-up land occupied a large amount of cropland and other land types,and finally destroyed the ecological environment.