职业教育公共政策的两难困境——北欧职业教育的现状、改革与启示

Dilemma of Vocational Education Public Policies——The Status Quo and Eeform of Vocational Education in Nordic Countries and Its Implications

丹麦、瑞典、挪威和芬兰四个北欧国家的职业教育虽然有一些内部差异,但由于其历史渊源、经济、社会制度和文化上的相似性,也有较强的共性,并呈现出就业属性减弱、升学特性逐渐突出、逐渐强调个性化和去中心化等共同的发展趋势。丹麦和瑞典两国职业教育的改革经历与近几年中国职业教育的改革发展热点有相似之处。分析北欧国家职业教育改革发展的实践经验,对于理解职业教育规律、发展完善中国职业教育具有参考和启示意义。

Vocational education in Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland, despite some internal differences, shares some common features because of the similarities in history, economic, social systems and culture;they also share some common developmental trends, such as the decreased employment orientation, stronger access to higher education, and increasing emphasis on individualization and decentralization. The Danish and Swedish vocational education reform experiences have some similarities with some of the major themes of the Chinese vocational education reform and developments. Better knowledge on the development and practical experience of vocational education in Nordic countries can contribute to a deeper understanding of the regularities of vocational education;their experiences can also serve as reference and implication to develop and improve Chinese vocational education.