晚清学人的《后汉书》阅读史——基于时人日记的考察

Reading of The Book of the Later Han Dynasty by Scholars Late Qing Dynasty:an Investigation Based on Their Diaries

晚清是传统史学向近代史学转型的重要时期,世变时变并没有降低近代学人对史学经典《后汉书》的阅读兴趣。阅读《后汉书》的读者群体较广泛,既有儒官、学养深厚的学者,也有一般的知识阶层。他们阅读目的各异,但都在阅读中呈现出他们对《后汉书》的反应和思考。更有一些人以研究的眼光阅读《后汉书》,晚清史评家对《后汉书》的阅读与批评,接续前人历史评论、史学评论的优长之处,对《后汉书》所叙述的东汉历史及其《后汉书》自身的体例、笔法、结构、叙述技巧、编纂思想等,皆在通读文本的基础上融会贯通,敢于纠谬补偏,提出自己的独立见解。学人日记中呈现的阅读实态和史学批评话语,展现了这一时期《后汉书》接受和批评的独特风采。

The late Qing Dynasty is an important period for the transition from traditional historiography to modern historiography.The changes of the world did not reduce the modern scholars'interest in reading the historical classic History of the Later Han.There were a wide range of readers who read the book,including Confucian officials,scholars with profound education,and general intellectuals.Their reading purposes were different,but they all showed their response and reflections.Some people read it from the perspective of research.The late Qing Dynasty historical critics read and criticized it,inheriting the advantages of previous historical reviews and historical reviews.They understood the writing style,structure,narrative skills and compilation ideas on the basis of reading through the book,and put forward their own independent opinions.The reality of reading and the discourse of historical criticism presented in the scholars’diaries show the unique style of acceptance and criticism of The Book of the Later Han Dynasty in this period.