近二十年出土文献字词对应考察研究综述

Review of the Research on the Correspondence between Characters and Words in Unearthed Documents in the Past Two Decades

“出土文献字词对应考察研究”指以历史上某一个或几个时期的出土文献为材料,对其中一字记多词、一词用多字、字词交叉对应等复杂字词关系开展的整理研究。考察可知,近二十年出土文献字词对应考察研究的理论、视角、术语、方法都有差异。如研究视角有“单向视角与双向视角”“静态视角与动态视角”“封闭视角与开放视角”的不同,研究术语有字用与用字、字与词、通假与假借的区别,等等。综合而言,近二十年出土文献字词对应考察研究存在少见对复音词对应关系的考察研究、词的界定问题还有较大讨论空间、缺少动因探讨等不足。这些都是今后研究应该填补和加强的。

In the past two decades,the investigation and research on the correspondence between characters and words in unearthed documents has become a hot spot,and many results have been achieved,but there are still some problems.This paper reviews the relevant research and points out their differences in theory,perspective,method and terminology.At the same time,it is pointed out that in future research,we should pay attention to the investigation of the corresponding relationship between characters and polysyllabic words,further clarify the connotation and extension of the word and carry out in-depth discussion on the causes of changes in the character-word relationship.