良知与知识之辩:陶望龄论“学”

The debate on Original Knowledge of good and Knowledge:Tao Wang-lin's View of Classical Learning

在良知与知识之辩中,陶望龄严分良知与知识,以良知为成圣的内在根据,以知识为良知的附庸。在此基础上,陶望龄剥落了“经”中的知识内容以及“学”所具有的“知识学习”的意义,并将“经”解释为人所本有之“性”亦即良知,将“学”解释为对人之所本有之“性”的“觉”。陶望龄对经与学的这一系列论说和观点,代表了阳明学者的主流观点,在阳明学发展史上颇具典型意义。

Tao Wang-lin strictly distinguishes original knowledge of the good from other forms of knowledge,considers it as the basis to become a sage,and considers knowledge as an appendage of the original knowledge,and holds that knowledge in moral efforts can only be efficient under the guidance of original knowledge.Therefore,Tao Wang-lin ignores the learning of knowledge from the classics,and does not think that"xue"(学)involves attaining knowledge.He believes that the quintessence to be learned from the Classics is an understanding of xing(性,nature)endowed by Heaven,and the proper way of learning in a moral effort is jue(觉,enlightenment).Tao Wang-lin's view of classic learning is very representative in the Yang-ming school scholars.