核桃青皮及其提取物对产蛋后期蛋鸡肠道结构形态及肠道菌群多样性的影响

Effects of Walnut Green Husk and Its Extract on Intestinal Morphology and Microflora Diversity of Layers in Late Laying Period

试验旨在探究在产蛋后期蛋鸡日粮中添喂核桃青皮及其提取物对肠黏膜形态及肠道菌群结构的影响。随机选取180只66周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡,随机分为3组,每组15个重复,每个重复4只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,提取物组在基础饲粮中添加1.0%的核桃青皮提取物,核桃青皮组在基础饲粮中添加1.0%的核桃青皮粉。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。试验结束后,屠宰测定肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度,采用16 S rDNA高通量测序分析肠道细菌多样性。结果显示:与对照组相比,提取物组和核桃青皮组十二指肠、空肠和回肠的肠绒毛高度(V)、隐窝深度(C)以及V/C值、十二指肠微生物多样性指数无显著差异(P>0.05);核桃青皮组回肠微生物多样性指数显著低于对照组和提取物组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,核桃青皮组回肠中厚壁菌门增加,而提取物组回肠厚壁菌门明显降低;在属水平,核桃青皮组十二指肠和回肠中的乳酸菌属明显高于对照组,而提取物组回肠中的乳酸菌属较对照组有所降低。由此可见,在蛋鸡饲粮中添加核桃青皮或其提取物不改变肠道结构与形态,添加核桃青皮可提高肠道中厚壁菌门和乳酸菌属丰度,而添加核桃青皮提取物降低肠道中厚壁菌门和乳酸菌属丰度。

To investigate the effects of walnut green husk and its extract on intestinal mucosal morphology and microflora diversity and composition in laying hens,180 healthy 66-week-age Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 15 replicates in each group and 4 chickens in each replicate.The control group was fed with basal diet,and the walnut green husk group was fed with the basal diet added with 1.0%walnut green husk powder,and the extract group was fed with the basal diet added with 1.0%walnut green husk extract extracted with 25%ethanol.The pre-test period was 7 days and the trial period was 28 days.At the end of the experiment,chicken were slaughtered,and the villi height(V)and crypt depth(C)of intestine were measured,and the bacterial diversity were analyzed after high-throughput 16 S rDNA sequencing.The results showed that there were no significant differences in villus height(V),crypt depth(C),V/C value of duodenum,jejunum and ileum and duodenal microbial diversity index of extract group and walnut green husk group as compared with the control group(P>0.05).The ileal microbial diversity index of walnut green husk group was significantly lower than that of the control group and extract group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the relative abundance of Firmicutes in ileum of walnut green husk group was increased,while that of extract group was decreased obviously.At genus level,the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in duodenum and ileum of walnut green husk group were higher,while that of the extract group were lower than those of the control group.It was concluded that dietary walnut green husk or its extract couldn't change the intestinal structure and morphology of laying hens.The abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus in intestinal tract was increased by adding walnut green husk,and these was decreased by adding extract of walnut green husk.