读伯里的《思想自由史》

On Bury's A History of Freedom of Thought

本文客观地评介了英国历史学家伯里写于一个世纪前的名著《思想自由史》。思想自由应是包含言论自由在内的,它在西方经历了三个发展阶段:古希腊罗马的自发阶段;西欧中世纪基督教教会专制统治下思想受奴役、理性被禁锢、知识无进步的阶段;17-19世纪西欧各国通过理性与权威的反复较量,思想自由重建起来并进入自觉阶段。《思想自由史》史料充足,论证严谨,哲理性强,直至今日仍不失其学术价值。因为思想自由是人类进步的公理。

This article objectively reviews the famous work“A History of Freedom of Thought”,it's the British historian J.B.Bury written a century ago.Freedom of thought should be including freedom of speech,which the West has experienced three stages of development:spontaneous stage of ancient Greece and Rome;stage of Christian church in Medieval Europe under dictatorship ideological bondage,rational being detained,no progress of knowledge;17-19 century Western European countries through repeated bouts of reason and authority,freedom of thought rebuilt and into the conscious stage.“A Freedom of Thought History”sufficient historical data,rigorous argumentation,philosophy and strong,until today still missing academic value.Because the freedom of thought is the axiom of human progress.