对上帝允许受难的辩护的辩护——评埃丽诺·斯顿普的《漫步于黑暗之中》

Defending for the Justification of That God Permit the Suffering:A Review on the Eleonore Stump's Wandering in Darkness

埃丽诺·斯顿普的《漫步于黑暗之中》的主题是关于上帝为何允许受难的神正论问题。在此书中提到了托马斯·阿奎那对于上帝允许受难问题的辩护。她本人的目标是为阿奎那的辩护做辩护,同时试图弥补其辩护中存在的缺陷。书中提到的阿奎那的辩护就是受难的双重功能:第一是让人不再更加疏远上帝,第二是拉近人与上帝的关系。对阿奎那神义论的发展解决的是其理论中没有解释的这个巨大的问题:生活中心愿失去的受难如何解释?她在方法上立场鲜明,不但挑战了分析哲学的方法,并提倡第二人称叙事方法,还用此方法在第三部分中对圣经中四个不同类型的受难故事进行了分析。此书的副标题是“叙事与受难问题”,而作者也确实从这两点出发在神正论理论辩护和方法论上都做出了卓越的贡献。

The theme of the Eleonore Stump's Wandering in Darkness is the theodicy problem,which has something to do wirh the reason that God permit the suffering.In this excellent book,she discusses the Thomas Aquinas's justification about this theodicy problem.Her main aims are defending for Aquinas's justification and trying to remedy the defect in his theory.Aquinas's justification is relevent to the two functions of suffering.The first one is that preventing people from falling away the God,while the second function is that making people close to the God.But his theory didn't solving the problem that the loss of heart desire,which can be called the problem of heartbreak.She melts the answer of this problem with the two functions of suffering at last.Furthermore,her methods are distinctive,which not only challenging the method of analytic philosophy,but also advocating a way of second-person narrative.In the third part of this book,she uses this second-person narrative to shows four different stories in the bible.The subheading of this book is Narrative and the Problem of Suffering,which is fully explained in Stump's justification for theodicy.