罗素的亲知理论解析

An Analysis of Russell’s Theory of Acquaintance

正是罗素对亲知原则的坚持才形成了逻辑原子主义这种独特的形而上学体系:逻辑原子既是世界结构的终极构成元素,又是语词意义的承载者,因而既简单又可亲知,亲知原则的坚持与否是衡量罗素是否持有逻辑原子主义立场的关键因素.在1905-1918年,对哪些东西是可以被亲知的,罗素的观点是有变化的.大体来说,其曾认可的亲知对象可分为三大类:殊相、共相、逻辑形式,但各大类下包含哪些具体对象在学界则仍是争议不断.

Owing to Russell’s insistence on the principle of acquaintance he establishes a unique metaphysical system,i.e.logical atomism.Logical atoms are both the ultimate constituents of the structure of the world and the undertakers of meaning of words,therefore they are simple and can also be acquainted.His attitude toward Adhering to the principle of acquaintance is the key factor in judging whether he holds logical atomism or not During 1905-1918,Russell’s view on what kinds of things can be acquainted is changing.Totally speaking,Russell has committed three kinds of objects of acquaintance,that is,particular,universal and logical form,but there are many disputes in the academy on what kinds of particular objects each form includes.