二重秩序的悖论:施密特和阿甘本对马勒布朗士哲学的再解读

The Paradox of Two-fold order

施密特试图区分政治秩序的二重结构:就上层而言,秩序被看作整顿(Ordnung),即区分被秩序统摄之物的分界和次序;就基层而言,秩序被看作占位(Ortung),即每一个被统摄秩序对被安排位置的实际占有。[1]阿甘本对这一二重划分进行了批评,而施密特这一二重划分的源头在于他对法国近代哲学家马勒布朗士“自然秩序”和“恩典秩序”关系的机缘论解读,而阿甘本对这两者关系的解读同样颠覆了施密特的看法。施密特和阿甘本的论争构造起了早期现代政治哲学和当代政治思想之间的谱系学关联。

Carl Schmitt tried to differentiate the two folds of the political structure.The order is divided into ordnung as an upper layer and ortung as a basement,which is criticized by Giorgio Agamben.Malebranche’s division of‘l’ordre de le nature’and‘l’ordre de le grace’is reinterpreted by Schmitt as an origin of the division between‘ordnung’and‘ortung’,which is also overthrown by Agamben’s critical arguments.The controversy between the two thinkers finally reveals the new insights on the early modern political thoughts,which finally lead to a new genealogical correlation between early modern political philosophy and contemporary arguments on the mechanisms of modern political power.