正义的原则还是策略?——评姚大志教授的分配正义观

Principles of Justice or Strategies of Justice?

姚大志教授的《分配正义:从弱势群体的观点看》一文试图从弱势群体的角度探讨分配正义的原则。然而,其整个论证之中有不少地方有所含混,值得作进一步的澄清与反思。首先,姚文对于平等根据的规范性与描述性有所混淆,而且有些地方直接把平等待人混同为结果平等;其次,姚文混同了“不应得”与“非应得(与应得无关)”。最后,姚文没有明确地区分开正义的原则与正义的实行策略。澄清姚文的诸多混淆,我们可以更好地看清楚姚文的实际价值:不在于为我们提供分配正义的原则,而是提供解决弱势群体地位的策略性考虑。

Professor Dazhi Yao’s paper(Distributive Justice:From the perspective of least advantaged)tries to explore the principles of justice from the perspectives of least advantaged.However,there are quite a few confusions in its arguments.First,Yao’s paper is kind of conflation of normativity and descriptivity of rationale of equality.And sometimes it confuses treating as equals with equality of outcome.Secondly,Yao’s paper confused“un-desert”with“non-desert(having nothing to do with desert).Thirdly,Yao’s paper didn’t explicitly distinguish principles of justice and strategies of realizing justice.Once we make these clarifications,we can better understand the real worth of Yao’s paper:it presents us not principles of justice,but strategies of for improving the status of the least advantaged.