论先秦道家的自然乐教

On the natural music education of Taoism in the Pre Qin Period

作为先秦儒家乐教的反对者和批判者,老庄致力于抽掉“伤人身心”“误国害民”的儒家乐教仁义道德根基的观念,在《老子》《庄子》中已有充分的探讨,但老庄道家试图建立一种以“自然之道”为根本、包含道德仁义的新的自然乐教在其文本里还引而未发。正是在对儒家乐教的批判中,原始老庄道家从“不言之教”“至乐无乐”等否定角度奠定了“自然乐教”的基础,以《吕氏春秋》为代表的新道家则从“自然之本”“大爱之方”“生命之化”等方面肯定地阐述了以道统儒的“自然的仁爱之教”,进一步发展了原始道家的自然乐教,从而奠定了传统道家乐教、美育的基础。

As an opponent and critic of the Confucian Music Education in the Pre Qin period,Lao-zi and Zhuang-zi have made great efforts to remove the idea of benevolence,righteousness and moral foundation of Confucian music education,which is“injuring people’s body and mind”,“harming the country and harming the people”,which has been fully discussed in Lao-zi and Zhuangzi.However,Lao Zhuang Taoist’s attempt to establish a new kind of natural music education based on“the way of nature”and containing morality,benevolence and justice is still not mentioned in its text.It is in the criticism of Confucian music education that the primitive Taoist school established the foundation of“natural music education”from negative angles of the“no words teaching”and“supreme happiness and no happiness”.The new Taoists represented by Lu’s spring and Autumn Annals affirmed the natural benevolence education of Confucianism from the aspects of“the origin of nature”“,the way of great love”and“the transformation of life”,The natural music education of primitive Taoism was developed step by step,which laid the foundation of traditional Taoist music education and aesthetic education.