叶面喷施钾、镁肥对烤烟生长及钾镁营养的影响

Effects of Spraying Potash and Magnesia Fertilizer on the Growth,Potassium and Magnesium Nutritional Status of Flue-cured Tobacco

【目的】探讨不同类型钾、镁肥对烤烟的作用效应。【方法】以红花大金元为材料,采用大田试验研究叶面喷施硫酸钾、有机钾、高钙镁钾、高氮高钾、低氮高钾和EDTA—镁肥料对烟株生长、烟叶钾镁营养、抗病性和产质量的影响。【结果】在常规施肥的基础上,烤烟团棵期喷施高钙镁钾、高氮高钾、低氮高钾肥料及低氮高钾与EDTA—镁混合肥均可缩短下部烟叶成熟期,促进烟株生长发育,增强烟株长势及抗病性。与同期喷等量清水相比,高氮高钾和低氮高钾处理均可显著提高烟叶钾含量(P<0.05),改善烟株缺钾症状,显著提高烟叶产质量(P<0.05);喷施高钙镁钾、EDTA—镁及低氮高钾与EDTA—镁混合肥能显著增加烟叶镁含量(P<0.05),改善烟株叶片缺镁症状,除ETDA—镁处理外的2个处理还可显著提高烟叶产质量(P<0.05)。【结论】喷施高钙镁钾、高氮高钾以及低氮高钾和EDTA—镁混合液可促进烟株生长发育,改善烟叶生长后期缺钾、镁营养症状,增强抗病性,显著提高烟叶钾、镁含量及投入产出比。

[Purpose]To investigate the action effects of different potash and magnesia fertilizers on flue-cured tobacco.[Method]A field experiment which took flue-cured tobacco of cultivar‘Honghuadajinyuan’was conducted to explore the effects of spraying potassium sulfate(SOP),organic potassium(OP),high-calcium-magnesia-potash(HCMP),high nitrogen and potassium(HNP),low nitrogen and high potassium(LNHP)and EDTA-magnesium(EDTA-Mg)fertilizer on the growth,disease resistance,potassium and magnesium nutritional status and output of leaves in flue-cured tobacco.[Result]Spraying potash and magnesia fertilizer at the beginning resettle period,the HCMP,HNP,LNHP,combined application of LNHP with EDTA-Mg,all of them could shorten the maturity period of lower tobacco leaves,and promote growth,development and disease resistance of the tobacco plants,based on conventional applying fertilization.Compared spraying HNP,LNHP with water,the content of potassium in leaves significantly increased(P<0.05),respectively,and improved potassium deficiency symptoms in tobacco plants,and improved significantly the yield and quality of tobacco leaves(P<0.05).Meanwhile,compared spraying HCMP,EDTA-Mg,mixture of LNHP and EDTA-Mg with water,the content magnesium in leaves significantly enhanced(P<0.05),respectively,and alleviated symptoms of magnesium deficiency of the tobacco plants,and improved significantly the yield and quality of tobacco leaves(P<0.05)except EDTA-Mg.[Conclusion]Compared with spraying water,the application of HCMP,HNP,LNHP and EDTA-Mg fertilizers can promote growth,prevent potassium and magnesium deficiency in flue-cured tobacco,enhance disease resistance,increase significantly the content of potassium and magnesium of tobacco leaves,and return on investment of farmland.