新型冠状病毒疫情期间贵州地区学龄期儿童心理行为问题及影响因素研究

Psychological and behavioral problems of school-age children in Guizhou during COVID-19 pandemic

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间学龄期儿童心理行为问题发生情况及影响因素,为做好儿童心理行为问题的干预指导提供一定参考。方法采用无接触、线上微信推送的方式,使用Achenbach父母用儿童行为量表对儿童心理行为进行评估,采用χ^(2)检验及logistic回归对行为问题及影响因素进行分析。结果贵州地区学龄期儿童行为问题总检出率为23.72%,男女性别比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.606,P<0.01)。疫情期间,家长存在轻度及以上的情绪焦虑(OR=4.02)、儿童每天接触电子产品时间在>0.5 h(OR=2.28)、发现儿童不良行为时家长给予消极反馈(OR=2.84)和儿童的总体睡眠有变化(OR=1.63)、对食物的偏好情况有变化(OR=2.04)、有挑食(OR=1.38)是儿童发生行为问题的危险因素;儿童有≥4个好朋友(OR=0.62)是避免儿童发生行为问题的保护因素。结论疫情期间,学龄期儿童行为问题的发生率较高,其中儿童的生活、饮食行为等改变及家庭养育环境是影响儿童行为问题的重要因素。

Objective To understand the psychological and behavioral problems of school-age children during COVID-19 pandemic, and to discuss the related influencing factors, so as to provide reference for the intervention of the problems. Methods Achenbach′s child behavior checklist was used to evaluate the psychological behavior of children by parents via online Wechat platform.χ^(2) test and logistic regression were used to analyze the behavior problems and influencing factors. Results 23.72% of school-age children in Guizhou had behavioral problems, and there was significant difference between male and female kids(χ^(2)=13.606, P<0.01).During the epidemic, parents with anxiety(OR=4.02), children exposed to electronic devices for more than half an hour per day(OR=2.28), negative feedback of parents to children′s problems(OR=2.84) and changes in children′s overall sleeping pattern(OR=1.63), changes in food preferences(OR=2.04) and picky eating(OR=1.38) were risk factors for children′s behavioral problems, while children with 4 and more close friends(OR=0.62) were less likely to have behavioral problems. Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, school-age children tend to have more behavioral problem, and changes in daily life style and in dietary behavior as well as family automosphere are major factors affecting children′s behavioral problems.