哈尔滨高校学生头痛特征和相关因素分析

Headache profile and related factors in college students: a cross-sectional survey in Harbin, China

目的了解高校学生的头痛情况。方法以横断面研究设计,于2019年11月—2020年1月,在3所高校招募到1 079名受试者。受试者来自广告招募和街头调查,由培训合格的调查员进行"一对一"问询并填写问卷。使用自拟问卷,了解头痛的患病率、头痛特点和有关因素。采用非参数检验、χ^(2)检验、建立logistics回归模型进行统计分析。结果有44.39%的受试者有头痛困扰,慢性头痛(chronic headache, CH)和慢性每日头痛(chronic daily headache, CDH)分别为24.10%和6.02%。疼痛的常见性质为胀痛(搏动感)和紧箍感,常见部位是颞部和枕部。头痛的危险因素有头痛家族史、头颈外伤史、女性、睡眠不佳、压力、吸烟和高身体质量指数(body mass index, BMI);专业也能影响头痛患病情况。此外,嗜酒也是女性月经相关头痛的危险因素;频繁使用电子产品是CH和CDH的危险因素;长时间低头伏案是CDH的危险因素;适当运动是短期头痛的保护因素。结论头痛会影响高校学生的日常生活和生活兴趣。调查结果显示,头痛家族史、头颈外伤(包括手术)、女性、低质量睡眠、精神压力、长期吸烟、长期酗酒、高BMI、颅颈软组织疲劳等因素可能与头痛发病相关;而适当运动锻炼和主修自然科学可能有益。

Objective To understand the characteristics of headache in college students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1 079 students recuited from 3 colleges in Harbin from November 2019 to January 2020.Students were interviewed on a one-to-one basis with a self-designed questionnaire to collect study related information as the prevalence and symptoms of headache as well as related factors.Non-parametric test, chi-square test and logistics regression model were deployed for data statistical analysis. Results 44.39% of the participants experienced headache, 24.10% had chronic headache(CH) and 6.02% had chronic daily headache(CDH).Throbbing pain and tight pain were the most common headache symptoms which usually occurred in the temporal and occipital areas.Possible risk factors for headache were family history, craniocervical injury, female, poor sleep quality, stress, smoking and body mass index(BMI).Headache was also affected by majors.Drinking alcohol was a risk factor for menstrual-related headache in female students.Meanwhile, frequent use of electronic devices was a risk factor for CH and CDH;lowering head for a long period of time was a risk factor for CDH;while proper physical activity was a protective factor for short-term headache. Conclusions Headache affects the quality of daily life of college students.In general, family history, craniocervical injury(including surgery), poor-quality sleep, mental stress, smoking, alcoholism, high BMI and craniocervical tissue fatigue may be risk factors for headache, especially in women, while physical exercise and natural science major are protective factors for headache in college students.