2010-2019年云南省流行性乙型脑炎流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of Epidemic encephalitis B in Yunnan in 2010-2019

目的分析云南省2010—2019年流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)的流行病学特征,为制定云南省乙脑预防控制策略提供依据。方法选取云南省疾病预防控制中心和该省各州市的人口网络报告系统的数据,对2010-2019年云南省确诊的乙脑患者资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2010-2019年,云南省乙脑共发病1 658例,年均发病率为0.36/10万,发病率总体呈下降趋势。死亡82例,病死率4.90%。所辖的16个地级市均有病例发生,年均发病率前5位的是西双版纳傣族自治州(1.29/10万)、普洱市(0.82/10万)、昭通市(0.71/10万)、德宏傣族景颇族自治州(0.70/10万)和文山壮族苗族自治州(0.46/10万),发病数共占云南省的59.41%。发病主要集中在6—9月,占总发病数的95.78%。男性发病(0.40/10万)高于女性(0.30/10万)。病例以<20岁人群为主(61.16%),职业分布主要为农民(31.06%)、学生(29.07%)和散居儿童(25.69%)。结论 2010-2019年云南省乙脑发病总体呈下降趋势,但是,气候条件和地理环境仍有利于乙型脑炎的流行,建议加强乙脑的预防接种和灭蚊防蚊工作,做好农民和儿童监护人的宣传教育工作,将人和传播媒介的血清学监测作为常规工作。

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of Epidemic encephalitis B(JE) in 2010-2019, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of JE in Yunnan province. Methods A descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed on data of confirmed JE cases reported to Yunnan CDC and the population network Reporting system during 2010 and 2019. Results A total of 1 658 JE cases were reported during 2010 and 2019, with an annual incidence of 0.36 per 100 000 population.82 cases died with the mortality rate of 4.90%.JE cases were reported from all 16 prefectures of Yunnan province.The highest annual incidence rate was 1.29 per 100 000 in Xishuangbanna, followed by 0.82 per 100 000 in Puer, 0.71 per 100 000 in Zhaotong, 0.70 per 100 000 in Dehong, and 0.46 per 100 000 in Wenshan, accounting for 59.41% of total cases.95.78% of cases appeared from June to September.The incidence was higher in males(0.40/100 000) than that in females(0.30/100 000).61.16% cases were under 20 years old and were farmers(31.06%), students(29.07%) and scattered children(25.69%). Conclusions The annual incidence of JE in Yunnan shows a down-ward trend during 2010 and 2019.However, due to the unique climate and geographical features, the prevention and control work becomes tough.It is suggested that we should strengthen the work of vaccination and mosquito control, health education should also be strengthened especially among farmers and children′s guardians, serological monitoring for both human and vectors should be considered as routine work.