我国社会药房执业药师药学服务能力研究

Study on Pharmaceutical Care Ability of Licensed Pharmacists in Chain Pharmacies in China

目的:探索我国社会药房执业药师药学服务能力提升的可靠途径及有效措施。方法:运用问卷调查法,对执业药师药学服务能力现状、能力提升的态度、面临的主要困难、以及未来预期获得的帮助四个层面进行调查;采用知情人访谈法,了解提升我国社会药房药学服务能力的对策建议。结果:本研究涉及全国8个省市的9家社会药房连锁公司共1 260名执业药师。83.7%的执业药师"经常"或"偶尔"感到能力不足,从而无法为消费者提供全面的用药指导(39.0%)和回答专业问题(20.7%)。其中85.8%的被调查者表示"非常愿意"提高自身的药学服务能力,但现有的工作实践及继续教育对其帮助十分有限。能力提升的障碍主要包括与日常工作冲突(35.4%)、需要照顾家庭(21.9%)和记忆力差(15.3%)。最受欢迎的提升方式依次为专业技能培训(28.4%)、在线网课(20.3%)和成人学历教育(15.6%)。不同年龄、学历和年资的执业药师对上述问题的看法存在较大差异(P<0.05)。结论:执业药师对提高自身药学服务能力持积极态度,然而,由于法律法规不健全、服务标准及管理规范缺失、现有提升途径效果差、公众认可度低等问题,严重制约了我国社会药房执业药师药学服务的开展和服务能力的提升。企业及执业药师社会组织应针对以上薄弱环节加强行政管理、人员队伍、专业能力、公众认知等方面的建设,并面向不同年龄、学历和资历的药师制定个性化的培训计划与方案,以提高专业水平。

Objective:To explore the reliable ways and effective measures to improve the pharmaceutical care ability of licensed pharmacists in chain pharmacies in China. Methods:A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted to investigate the current situation of licensed pharmacists to deliver pharmaceutical care, attitudes towards improving their ability, main barriers, and expected facilitators. Insider interviews were also conducted to collect the suggestions for improvement measures.Results:A total of 1 260 licensed pharmacists were enrolled in the survey from 9 chain pharmacies in 8 provinces across the country. 83.7% of the participants "frequently" or "occasionally" felt that they were unable to provide comprehensive medication guidance(39.0%) or answer professional questions(20.7%). 85.8% of the participants were "very willing" to improve their ability of pharmaceutical care pharmacy service capabilities while help from traditional practice and continuing education were very limited. Main barriers in ability improvement included conflict with daily work(35.4%), conflict with family life(21.9%), and poor memories(15.3%). The most popular facilitators were professional skills training(28.4%), online courses(20.3%), and adult education(15.6%). There were statistical differences in the views of licensed pharmacists of different ages, education backgrounds and seniority on the above issues(P<0.05). Conclusion:Overall, licensed pharmacists had a positive attitude towards improving pharmaceutical care capabilities. However, due to the lack of laws, regulations, service standards, improvement methods and public recognition, the development of pharmaceutical care was severely restricted in China. Enterprises and pharmacist associations should make efforts to improve the administrative management, talent team construction, professionalism, and public perception. Additionally, personalized training plans and programs should be designed for pharmacists of different ages, educational backgrounds and seniority.