深圳市高血压患者身体活动与绿地特征的关系

Relationship between physical activities and characteristics of green landscapes of hypertensive patients in Shenzhen

目的了解高血压患者身体活动达标情况与周围绿地特征的关系,为绿地建设提供参考。方法以深圳市基本公共卫生服务管理满1年的35岁及以上的高血压患者为研究对象。于2019年11月至2020年1月采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法抽取代表性样本1 116人进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括人口学特征、身体活动情况、对周围绿地感知情况以及对绿地属性的满意度。采用SPSS 25.0进行Mann-Whitney U检验、χ^(2)检验和多因素logistic回归分析。结果最终共1 116人的数据纳入分析。深圳市基本公共卫生服务管理的高血压患者中等强度身体活动达标率为37.5%,步行达标率为83.2%。logistic回归分析调整混杂因素后结果显示,周围有绿地(OR=2.518,95%CI:1.312~4.829)、周围绿地中有健康知识宣传区(OR=2.318,95%CI:1.723~3.118)和健康步道(OR=1.916,95%CI:1.289~2.849)对高血压患者中等强度身体活动达标具有积极影响;患者对各绿地属性的满意度得分均与中等强度身体活动达标情况呈正向关联,均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。周围有绿地(OR=2.365,95%CI:1.376~4.067),周围绿地中有健康步道(OR=2.076,95%CI:1.396~3.087)、健身区(OR=1.995,95%CI:1.420~2.803)、集体锻炼场地(OR=2.120,95%CI:1.519~2.958)对高血压患者步行达标均有积极影响,患者对绿地的多样性(OR=1.012,95%CI:1.001~1.022)、安全性(OR=1.012,95%CI:1.001~1.022)和可达性(OR=1.012,95%CI:1.002~1.022)的满意度得分均与步行达标率呈正向关联,均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论周围有绿地及绿地中设置健康促进元素如健康知识宣传区、健康步道,绿地的多样性、可达性、安全性和维护等绿地特征对身体活动有积极影响。

Objective To explore the relationship between physical activities and characteristics of green landscapes of hypertensive patients in Shenzhen,and to provide the reference for the construction of green landscapes. Methods The hypertensive patients (≥35 years old) managed by primary health care centers in Shenzhen for ≥1 years were selected as the subjects. A stratified multi-stage random sampling method was applied to select 1 116 patients as the representative sample from November 2019 to January 2020. The investigation included demographic characteristics,physical activities,perception of surrounding green landscapes,and satisfaction with the attributes of green landscapes. Mann-Whitney U test, χ^(2) test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the data,the used software was SPSS 25.0. Results The data of 1 116 subjects were included for analysis. Among the hypertension patients under the management of basic public health services in Shenzhen,the rate of meeting the standards of moderate physical activity was 37.5% and walk rate was 83.2%. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting confounding factors,the surrounding green landscapes(OR=2.518,95%CI:1.312-4.829),health knowledge promotion areas(OR=2.318,95%CI:1.723-3.118) and health paths(OR=1.916,95%CI:1.289-2.849) in green landscapes were significantly active effects for meeting the standards of moderate physical activity,the satisfaction scores of patients with the attributes of green landscapes correlated to the rate of meeting the standards of moderate physical activity(P <0.01). The surrounding green landscapes(OR =2.365,95% CI:1.376-4.067),health paths(OR =2.076,95% CI:1.396-3.087),fitness areas(OR=1.995,95%CI:1.420-2.803) and collective exercise venues(OR=2.120,95%CI:1.519-2.958)in green landscapes were significantly active effects for meeting the standards of walk,the satisfaction scores of patients with diversity(OR=1.012,95%CI:1.001-1.022),safety(OR=1.012,95%CI:1.001-1.022),reachability(OR=1.012,95%CI:1.002-1.022) of green landscapes correlated to the rate of meeting the standards of walk(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion The surrounding green landscapes and health promotion elements such as health knowledge promotion areas,health paths in green spaces,and the diversity,reachability,safety and maintenance of green landscapes have active effects on physical activities.