老年冠心病患者流感疫苗知识知晓状况及影响因素分析

Analysis on awareness conditions and influencing factors for influenza vaccine in elderly patients with coronary heart disease

目的探讨老年冠心病患者流感疫苗知识知晓状况及影响因素,为在医院开展流感疫苗知识健康宣教提供参考。方法采用简单随机抽样方法抽取326例老年冠心病患者作为研究对象,采用自行设计的调查表对其进行调查分析。结果326例老年冠心病患者中流感疫苗知识总分≥12分为132例,流感疫苗知识知晓率为40.49%(132/326);流感疫苗知识回答正确率居前三位的分别为"接种流感疫苗安全""接种流感疫苗有效""流感疫苗接种1次,免疫力可持续1年",回答正确率分别为71.78%、69.32%、65.03%;流感疫苗知识回答正确率倒数前三位分别为"接种流感疫苗可以防止发生肺炎、心肌炎等严重并发症""接种流感疫苗可预防普通感冒""流感疫苗有哪几种",回答正确率分别为20.86%、22.08%、22.70%;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度(OR=3.025,95%CI:1.718~5.328)、平均月收入(OR=3.059,95%CI:1.695~5.518)、居住地(OR=2.071,95%CI:1.148~3.736)、住院次数(OR=2.445,95%CI:1.452~4.116)、是否接受过流感疫苗知识宣教(OR=3.337,95%CI:1.912~5.824)、3年内流感疫苗接种史(OR=3.025,95%CI:1.747~6.672)、患有慢性病种数(OR=3.016,95%CI:1.608~5.658)是影响老年冠心病患者流感疫苗知识知晓率的独立因素。结论老年冠心病患者流感疫苗知识知晓水平较低,医护人员应重视流感疫苗相关知识健康宣教,尤其是农村、低学历、低收入、未接受过流感疫苗知识宣教的人群,进而提高老年冠心病患者对流感疫苗相关知识的认知水平。

Objective To explore the awareness conditions and influencing factors for influenza vaccine in elderly patients with coronary heart disease,and to provide reference for health education of influenza vaccine knowledge nursing in hospitals.Methods The random sampling method was used to select 326 elderly patients with coronary heart disease as research subjects,and self-designed questionnaires utilized used to investigate and analyze the patients.Results In 326 elderly patients with coronary heart disease,there were 132 patients acquainted with total score of influenza vaccine knowledge≥12,points and the awareness rate for influenza vaccine hit 40.49%(132/326).The top three accuracies of influenza vaccine knowledge were"vaccination safety of influenza vaccine","vaccination effects of influenza vaccine"and"the immunity of once vaccination of influenza vaccine lasting one year",and correct rate of answers was 71.78%,69.32%and 65.03%respectively.The bottom three correct answers for influenza vaccine knowledge were that"the vaccination of influenza vaccine can prevent serious complications such as pneumonia and myocarditis"."influenza vaccination can prevent common cold","what kinds of influenza vaccines are available",the correct rate of answers was 20.86%,22.08%and 22.70%respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education level(OR=3.025,95%CI:1.718-5.328),average monthly income(OR=3.059,95%CI:1.695-5.518),residence place(OR=2.071,95%CI:1.148-3.736),number of hospitalizations(OR=2.445,95%CI:1.452-4.116),availability of knowledge teaching for influenza vaccination(OR=3.337,95%CI:1.912-5.824),and 3-year influenza vaccination.history(OR=3.025,95%CI:1.747-6.672),types of chronic diseases suffered(OR=3.016,95%CI:1.608-5.658)were independent factors influencing the awareness rate for influenza vaccine in elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Conclusion The awareness level of elderly patients with coronary heart disease with influenza vaccine is low.Medical workers should attach importance to the health education of influenza vaccine-related knowledge on elderly patients with coronary heart disease,especially on the groups in rural areas with low education and low income failing to receive the education for influenza vaccine knowledge,with the aim of improving the awareness level for elderly patients with coronary heart disease with respect to influenza vaccine-related knowledge.