日本社会福祉法人制度改革及经验启示

The Reform of Japan's Social Welfare Corporation System and Its Enlightenment

为了吸引更多社会力量参与社会福祉事业,日本于1951年建立了社会福祉法人制度。经过一段时期的发展,日本的福祉制度实现了从“措施性制度”向“契约性制度”的转变。为了更好地满足国民的福利需求,日本展开了以改善福祉服务提供体制为重点的社会福祉法人制度改革,并针对后来实践中出现的问题,在经营管理方式、事业透明度、财务纪律、服务社区公益事业及政府监督指导等方面提出具体改革要求。日本社会福祉法人制度的改革经验为我国明确社会组织功能及定位、加强对社会组织的管理和扶持、提升社会组织自身建设能力以及推动社会组织参与社区公益服务活动提供了重要启示。

In order to attract more social forces to participate in the social welfare undertakings,Japan established social welfare corporation system in 1951.After a period of development,the welfare system in Japan has realized the transformation from"measure system"to"contract system".In order to better meet the demand of national welfare,Japan has launched the reform of social welfare corporation system focusing on improving the welfare service delivery system and put forward specific reform requirements in the aspects of operation and management mode,business transparency,financial discipline,community service and government supervision in view of the later problems.The reform experience of Japan's social welfare corporation system provides important enlightenment for China in clarifying the functions and positioning of social organizations,strengthening the management and support of social organizations,improving the self-construction ability of social organizations,and promoting the participation of social organizations in community public service activities.