专业知识与行政权力:我国环评审批的制度定位

Knowledge verse Power:At the Centre of China’s EIA Legal System

环境影响评价是应用专业知识的活动,但是,对项目开发具有“否决”效力的环评审批,则是运用公共权力的行政行为。回顾我国环评审批制度的历史沿革及其实践变迁,可以近距离观察环评审批中行政权力与专业知识之间的复杂关系。要正确处理这一关系,有必要认识到被纳入行政过程之中的环评属于规制科学,具有事实与价值交织、科学与政策融合的特征,并在此基础上,以权力与知识的关系为焦点,澄清我国环评审批的制度定位。

EIA is a process of utilizing scientific knowledge while the EIA review with veto effect is an action using administrative power in China.Tracing the history of its creation and development,the complicated relationship between power and knowledge in China’s EIA system is observed closely in this article.It is argued that science in EIA is regulatory science instead of lab science,which means it is characterized with a mix of fact and value,science and policy,and China’s EIA legal system shall be revised accordingly to focus on and clarify this mixed relationship between knowledge and power.