试验型规制制度的理论解释与规范适用

Jurisprudential Analysis and Normative Application of Experimental Regulation System

试验型规制制度是在立法信息不充分的情况下,为正式规制制度探索知识、积累经验、反馈信息而设置的一种规制制度形态。局部试点和暂时试行是试验型规制的两种存在方式,实用主义思想、渐进主义制度变迁理论、“试错”理论是试验型规制制度的思想来源。试验型规制制度通过对规制立法中交易费用的节约和实施中的成本控制来体现效率价值,其适用范围可按照法律经济学原理,以规制制度的时效性和准确性为变量来确定。在试验型规制制度的适用过程中,试验目标明确化和试验内容可推广化的规范落实,试验区域选择标准的规范确认,实施环节中实施情况报告制度的规范构造,是保障试验型规制制度规范运行的核心内容和特有要求。

The experimental regulation system is set up to explore knowledge,accumulate experience and feedback information for the formal regulation system through the local pilot or temporary trial when the legislative information is insufficient.Pragmatism,gradualism and the theory of“trial and error”are the ideological sources of the system.The experimental regulation system reflects efficiency value via saving transaction cost in regulatory legislation and controlling cost in the implementation.Its applicable scope of the system can be cleared by two variables,i.e.,timeliness and accuracy of regulatory legislation according to the analysis of law and economics approach.From the perspective of normative,the explicit test objective in the legislative link,the normative implementation of the popularized test content,the normative confirmation of the selection criteria of the test area,and the normative construction of the implementation report system during the implementation are special links and the principal measures to guarantee the normalized operation of the experimental regulation system.