铜仁市可食野果资源调查与开发利用策略

Investigation,Development and Utilization Strategy of Edible Wild Fruit Resources in Tongren City

【目的】摸清铜仁市辖区内可食用野果种质资源种类及其物种多样性特征,为当地可食野果的开发利用、保护和繁育提供参考依据。【方法】采用实地踏查与资料查证等方法对铜仁市辖区内的可食野果植物资源进行调查和种类鉴别,并对其分类地位、果实类型、果期、果色、果实风味及开发利用现状进行分析。【结果】铜仁市有可食野果28科50属183种(变种、变型)。其中,可食野果资源以双子叶为主,灌木最多,占42.08%,柿树科、蔷薇科、葡萄科、五味子科、猕猴桃科、胡颓子科、鼠李科和桑科为该区的优势科,占总资源的72.7%;食用口感好的种类占59.56%,完全处于野生状态的占79.23%;该区可食用野果一年四季均有花季、果季分布,具有较高的观赏价值。【结论】铜仁市可食野果种质资源丰富,多数是集食用、观赏和药用于一体的植物,具有较大的开发和利用前景,可为铜仁市及周边区域乡村振兴发展第3代水果产业提供参考。

【Objective】The species and species diversity characteristics of edible wild fruit germplasm resource in administrative areas of Tongren City are found out to provide a reference for development,utilization,protection and propagation of edible wild fruit in local area.【Method】The investigation and species identification of edible wild fruit plant resource are carried out in administrative areas of Tongren City by using field visit and data verification methods,and the classification status,fruit type,fruit stage,fruit color,fruit flavor and the development and utilization status are analyzed as well.【Result】There are a total of 183 species(varieties and variants),50 genera belonging to 28 families of edible wild fruit in Tongren City.Edible wild resources are mainly dicotyledon,and most of them are shrub,accounting for42.08%.Ebenaceae,Rosaceae,Vitaceae,Schisandraceae,Actinidiaceae,Elaeagnaceae,Rhamneaceae and Moraceae are the dominant families in this area,accounting for 72.7%of total resources.59.56%of which have good flavor taste,and 79.23%of which are completely in a wild state.The edible wild fruit in Tongren City has the distribution of flowering season and fruiting season all over the year,which has higher ornamental value.【Conclusion】The germplasm resources of edible wild fruit plant in Tongren City are abundant,most of them are edible,ornamental and medicinal plants,which has promising development and utilization prospect.Therefore,it can provide a reference for developing the third-generation fruit industry for rural revitalization in Tongren City and surrounding areas.