爆炸作用下Al/Mg/CuO活性壳体的释能特性

Energy Release Characteristics of Al/Mg/CuO Reactive Shells Under Explosion Loads

为了研究Al/Mg/CuO活性壳体战斗部的爆炸能量释放特性,通过超高速转镜摄像机以及冲击波超压测试,得到了活性壳体在爆炸加载作用下的破碎过程图像以及不同尺寸样弹在典型距离处的冲击波超压,分析了活性壳体参与爆炸的反应时间、活性材料粒径对冲击波超压的影响,获得了冲击波超压随比例距离的变化规律。结果表明:活性壳体在爆炸加载下能够参与爆炸反应,释放能量时间相对于爆轰反应有微秒级延迟,在比例距离2.52~3.15 m·kg^(-1)/3范围内,提高了冲击波超压,火球持续燃烧时间延长1倍以上。粒径7μm活性材料制成的活性壳体样弹比粒径20μm活性材料制成的样弹冲击波超压提高了13.3%~14.4%,较小粒径的活性材料更容易与爆轰产物反应;与裸装药和铝壳样弹相比,活性壳体样弹的冲击波超压、冲量均有明显提高,在比例距离2.1~8.4 m·kg^(-1)/3范围,冲击波超压提高了6%~32%,冲量提高了13%~38%。

In order to study the energy release characteristics of Al/Mg/CuO reactive shells,the images of broken process of reactive shells were observed by an ultra-highspeed rotating-mirror camera,and the shock wave overpressures of varying-sized test bombs were measured by shock wave test system.The reaction time of reactive shell under explosion loads and the effects of particle sizes of reactive materials on shock wave overpressures were analyzed,then the variation of shock wave overpressures with scaled distances was obtained.The results show that reactive shells could take part in explosive reaction and release energy in a few microseconds after detonation reaction.The shock wave overpressures are enhanced and the fireball duration increases more than one time within a scaled distance of 2.52-3.15 m∙kg^(-1)/3.The overpressure of reactive shell with particle size of 7μm is 13.3%-14.4%higher than that of reactive shell with particle size of 20μm,which indicates that reactive materials with smaller particle size can take part in explosive reaction more easily.Compared to bare charges and aluminum shells,the overpressures and impulses of reactive shells rise significantly,increasing 6%-32%and 13%-38%respectively within scaled distances of 2.1-8.4 m∙kg^(-1)/3.