小麦近缘物种通用标记的开发及应用

Development and Application of Universal Markers for Wheat Related Species

随着小麦远缘杂交和染色体工程的深入开展,小麦近缘物种的部分优异性状已被导入小麦,极大地丰富了普通小麦的遗传基础。然而,目前可用于检测小麦背景中近缘物种的通用分子标记还非常缺乏。本研究利用生物信息学手段筛选小麦A、B和D染色体组上相关基因,通过综合分析基因结构和不同内含子长度,在长度适宜的内含子上下游外显子保守序列处设计引物,以13份小麦为对照,以17份小麦近缘物种和15份小麦-近缘物种杂交种质等为材料,进行PCR扩增验证,开发了25个能检测小麦近缘物种的通用标记,对筛选鉴定小麦近缘物种、小麦-近缘物种杂交种质以及选育含外缘物种血缘的小麦品系(种)均具有重要意义。

With the in-depth development of wheat distant hybridization and chromosome engineering,some excellent traits of wheat related species have been introduced into wheat,which greatly enriched the genetic basis of common wheat.However,the universal molecular markers for detecting related species in the wheat background were less reported.In this study,bioinformatics methods were used to screen the relevant genes on wheat A,B and D genomes.Through a comprehensive analysis of gene structure and different intron length,the conserved sequences of exons at upstream and downstream introns with appropriate length were analyzed and some primers were designed.The PCR amplification verification was carried out using 13 wheat test materials as control,and 17 related species and 15 hybid germplasms of wheat-related species as test materials.Twenty-five universal molecular markers were developed for detecting wheat related species.All these results had great significances to identifying wheat related species,wheat-related species hybrid germplasms,and breeding wheat lines/varieties with alien chromosomes.