1211份山东省小麦育种材料产量及相关性状分析

Analysis on Yield and Related Traits of 1121 Wheat Materials in Shandong Province

为探索山东省小麦近年来产量及其相关性状的改良情况,为小麦育种和生产提供参考,以济麦22为对照,对2010—2015年度山东省参加小麦高肥区域试验的1 211份品系的产量、产量构成因素及其相关性状进行分析。结果表明,济麦22生育期呈显著下降趋势,株高显著增加,容重下降,成穗数呈增加趋势,穗粒数和千粒重下降,但产量平均每年升高95 kg/hm^(2)。供试材料的生育期总体呈缩短趋势,株高缓慢下降,容重与济麦22差距逐渐缩小。供试材料总体呈减产趋势,其中增产幅度超过3%的材料仅14.86%,提高产量的育种难度加大。从产量三因素看,通过增加穗粒数来提高产量的风险非常大,千粒重的改良也因其较高的遗传力较难实现,而成穗数遗传多样性相对丰富,因此,在增强抗倒伏性的基础上增加成穗数,目前可能更容易实现。LS系列与烟农系列材料增产效果较好,主要原因也是成穗数较高。

In order to explore the yield and the improvement of related traits of wheat in Shandong Province in recent year and provide theoretical bases for wheat breeding and production,the grain yield,yield components and related agronomic traits of 1121 wheat materials for the high-fertilizer regional trial from 2010-2015 in Shandong Province were investigated with Jimai 22 as control.The results showed the growth duration of Jimai 22 decreased significantly during the 6 years,and the plant height increased significantly;the test weight decreased,and the spike number showed an increasing trend;the kernels per spike and 1000-kernel weight decreased,while the grain yield increased by 95 kg/hm^(2) annually.The tested wheat materials performed in shortened growth duration,slowly declining plant height,and gradually approaching test weight to Jimai 22.In general,the grain yield of the tested wheat materials showed a decreasing trend compared to Jimai 22,and only 14.86%of total materials had the grain yield increased by more than 3%,which indicated that it was more difficult to further improve grain yield.From the three yield components,it was very challenging to increase grain yield through enlarging spike number because the 1000-kernel weight was hard to improve due to its prominent small coefficient of variation,while it was more feasible to increase spike number per unit area together with enhancing lodging resistance because of its relatively rich genetic diversity reflected by the coefficient of variation.It was also confirmed by higher yield of LS series and Yanong series mostly resulted from more spikes per unit area.