拉美国家低质城市化问题论析

An Analysis of Low Quality Urbanization in Latin American Countries

拉美国家与中国同为发展中国家,拉美国家城市化发展对中国具有重要的借鉴意义。本文基于拉美国家城市化发展水平,首先提出拉美国家的城市化是一种低质城市化,具有三方面的特征:城市化发展水平与经济发展水平失衡;城市发展与农村发展失调;大中小城市人口分布不均。其次,本文重点分析拉美国家低质城市化主要存在房屋资源短缺、就业形势严峻、贫困现象加剧、两极分化明显、社会治安形势严峻、社会保障覆盖面低等方面最具有代表性的社会问题。最后,本文吸取拉美国家城市化发展的经验教训,提出对中国城市化发展的四条启示:一是实事求是,走适合中国国情的城市化发展道路;二是以人为本,注意城市化过程中的协调发展;三是优化管理,强化政府的社会管理职能;四是健全制度,建立健全覆盖城乡的社会保障体系。

Latin American countries and China are both developing countries,and the urbanization of the former has important implications for the latter.The authors firstly propose that urbanization in Latin American countries is of low-quality with three characteristics:the imbalance between urbanization and economic development;the imbalance between urban and rural development;and the uneven distribution of population in large,medium and small cities.Secondly,the paper focuses on the six most representative social problems of low-quality urbanization in Latin American countries,including shortage of housing resources,severe employment situation,increasing poverty,obvious polarization,high crime rate,and low social security coverage.Finally,drawing lessons from Latin American countries,the authors propose four suggestions for China’s urbanization:firstly,take a path suitable for China’s national conditions;secondly,to be people-oriented and pay attention to the coordinated development in urbanization;thirdly,to optimize management and strengthen the social management function of the government;fourthly,to improve the system and establish a sound social security system covering urban and rural areas.