康熙雍正年间江苏私盐问题述论

On the Private Salt Issue in Jiangsu Province during the KangYong Period

江苏是清王朝重要的食盐生产区和运销区,自清初起,私盐兴贩就十分猖獗,康雍年间,穷民以贩私谋生,商贾假私盐图利,回空漕船运丁等则私藏夹带,盐贩私枭活跃于淮扬、泰州、镇江等地。由于盐捕官兵查拿不力,灶户、窝家与私贩通同隐讳,禁私又不能清源,以至贩私愈演愈烈,私贩成群结伙,盐枭以武力捍卫,他们抗拒兵捕,骚扰百姓,甚至杀人越货,民间苦不堪言,盐徒勾结官府,贿通吏役,官役参与贩私,不仅使朝廷禁缉私制度如同虚设,而且严重败坏了地方官风政风。

Jiangsu was an important salt producing and marketing area in Qing Dynasty. Since the beginning of Qing Dynasty, salt smuggling was rampant. During the reign of Kangyong, the poor people made a living by selling private salt, while merchants made profits by selling illegal salt.When they went back to the air, they carried their own salt. Salt smugglers were active in Huaiyang, Taizhou, Zhenjiang and other places. Due to the poor investigation and control of salt hunting officers and soldiers, cookers, wojia and smugglers shared the same taboo and government could not clear the source of smuggling, so that the smuggling became more and more intense.The smugglers were in groups, and the salt lords defended by force. They resisted the military arrest, harassed the people, and even killed and cross sold goods. The salt gangs colluded with the government, bribed the officials and participated in the smuggling, which not only made the anti smuggling system of the court seem to be illusory and it has seriously damaged the local officials’ style of work.