秦汉时期湔氐道地望及相关问题研究

A Study on the Geographical Location and Related Issues of Jiandi Dao during Qin and Han Dynasties

秦汉时期位于蜀郡的湔氐道是一个记载较少的秦汉政区,其地望问题在近代以来引起了争议,迄今为止共存在"茂州说""松潘说""灌县说"三种主要观点。本文认为,秦汉时期湔氐道所在的核心区域应该始终位于湔山、湔水等诸湔地附近,而在今都江堰市一带的可能性最大,其具体辖域在先秦时期应该较为广阔,尤其北境或可抵达今汶川、茂县、理县等地,至两汉时期则大幅缩小。湔氐道是秦汉道制中的一个典型案例,它的发展演变过程也折射出了秦汉道制的兴衰。而《汉书·地理志》关于湔氐道的记载,则还涉及秦汉时期的华夷分界与江源地理知识问题。

Jiandi Dao, which was under the jurisdiction of Shu Commandery during Qin and Han Dynasties, was a little-documented political region, but the issue of its geographical location has aroused much controversy since modern times. So far, there are three main viewpoints: the viewpoint of Maozhou, the viewpoint of Songpan and the viewpoint of Guanxian. This paper argues that the core area of Jiandi Dao should always be located in the vicinity of place names with the word "Jian" and probably in the area of Dujiangyan City, whose precincts were more extensive during the pre-Qin period and could be as far north as Wenchuan, Maoxian and Lixian, but its precincts were significantly reduced during Han dynasties. The development and evolution of Jiandi Dao reflects the rise and fall of the system of Dao in Qin and Han dynasties. And the records of Jiandi Dao in the Geography Records of Hanshu also dealed with the issue of the divisions of Hua and Yi, and the geographic knowledge of the source of Yangtze River during Qin and Han dynasties.