啶虫脒在桃上的残留消解规律与膳食风险评估

Dissipation rules and dietary risk assessment of acetamiprid residues in peach

啶虫脒在桃上的检出率高且未登记,缺少安全间隔期、用药间隔期等信息可能会导致盲目用药,增加残留风险。为明确桃果上啶虫脒的残留风险,本文通过消解试验以及模拟农户施药对其残留消解规律进行了分析,并于2015—2018年对中国9大主产区桃中的啶虫脒残留进行了调查与膳食摄入风险分析。结果表明:啶虫脒在桃果皮与果肉上的消解符合一级反应动力学方程,半衰期分别为3.92与3.14 d。模拟农户施药2次或3次后,距末次施药7、14和21 d,桃中啶虫脒的残留量均较低,且远低于其在核果上的最大残留限量(MRL)值;去皮食用能够明显降低其膳食摄入风险。9大桃主产区509份样品中啶虫脒的检出率在8%~38%之间,残留量在0.001~1.348 mg/kg之间,均未超过其在核果上的MRL标准。连续4年啶虫脒在桃上的急性膳食摄入风险占急性参考剂量(ARfD)的比值在1.520%~13.755%之间,慢性膳食摄入风险占每日允许摄入量(ADI)的比值在0.021%~0.086%之间,总体膳食风险的贡献较小。

Acetamiprid has a high detection rate but is not registered on peach in China.Lack of information such as application or pre-harvest intervals may lead to irrational pesticide use and high residue risks.In order to identify the residue risks of acetamiprid in peach fruit,degradation experiments and simulated farmer application experiments were carried out.Also,from 2015 to 2018,the acetamiprid residues in peach from nine main producing areas in China were investigated and the dietary intake risk was analyzed.The results showed that the degradation of acetamiprid in peach peel and pulp conformed to the first-order kinetic equation,and the half-lives were 3.92 and 3.14 d,respectively.Simulated farmer application experiments showed that the residual amounts at 7,14 and 21 d after last application were low in both applications and far lower than the maximum residue limit(MRL),and removing the peach peel can drastically reduce the intake risks.The detection rate in 509 peach samples from the nine producing areas ranged from 8%to 38%.Residues value was between 0.001-1.348 mg/kg and all the residues did not excess the MRL.For 4 consecutive years,the ratio of acute dietary intake risk to ARfD on peaches was in the range of 1.520%-13.755%,and the ratio of chronic dietary intake risk to ADI was in the range of 0.021%-0.086%,which accounts for a small contribution to the overall dietary exposure.