蒙古族农户仪式性人情消费的人类学解释——基于科左后旗某嘎查的田野调查

An Anthropological Explanation of the Ritual Favoring Consumption of Mongolian Farmers——Field Investigation Based on a Gacha in Kezuohou

仪式性礼物交换本是表达情感、增进友谊、联络感情、维系关系的一种文化行为。但近些年来,仪式性的风俗礼逐渐演变成了人情礼,人情礼变成工具性的金钱礼,超出了正常的人际交往与互助的界限,成为农民生活中的一项经济负担和心理压力。为了了解蒙古族农户仪式性人情消费所造成的经济负担和心理压力及其原因,本人对科左后旗某嘎查进行了为期半年的田野调查。实地调查中发现,人情伦理、互惠原则、功利主义和社会舆论是蒙古族农户仪式性人情消费中面临两难选择的主要原因。

Ritual gift exchange is a cultural behavior that expresses emotions,enhances friendship,connects feelings,and maintains relationships.However,in recent years,ritual customs and rituals have gradually evolved into humanistic rituals,which have become instrumental monetary rituals,exceed the boundaries of normal interpersonal communication and mutual assistance and become an economic burden and psychological pressure in farmers'lives.In order to understand the economic burden,psychological pressure and the reasons caused by Mongolian farmers'ritual and humane consumption,I conducted a field survey of a Gacha in Kezuohou for half a year.Field investigations found that the ethics of human relations,the principle of reciprocity,utilitarianism and public opinion are the main reasons why Mongolian farmers face a dilemma in their ritual human consumption.