我国城商行股权结构特征及优化机制研究

The Characteristics and Optimization of the Ownership Structure of China’s UrbanCommercial Banks

打造稳定、合理的股权结构,对完善银行公司治理机制意义重大。近年来,随着我国金融改革的持续推进,银行业对民营资本开放程度不断提高。以城商行为代表的中小银行股权结构因此发生了明显变化,呈现出股权集中程度稳中趋降,民营、异地和金融机构第一大股东明显增多,股东身份不透明、出资不实等乱象增多,关联交易、股权质押规模不断上升等特征。本文研究发现,不同股权结构的银行,其经营绩效会呈现出明显差异:股权结构适度集中的银行绩效较好;国有和外资股东控股的银行,经营较为稳健;非金融企业股东控股的银行经营业绩表现不佳。针对我国中小银行股权结构暴露出的问题,提出如下建议:明确功能定位,引导银行理性健康发展;借鉴国际经验,优化银行股权结构;强化金融监管,治理银行股权乱象;积极应对经济周期冲击,修复银行资产负债表;培育优质股东,打造银行股东的企业家精神。

Creating a stable ownership structure is of great significance in improving the bank's corporate governance mechanism.After years of development and evolution,small and medium banks in developed economies have formed a relatively stable ownership structure.In recent years,with the continuous financial reforms,private shareholders are increasing in Chinese banking industry.The ownership structure of small and medium banks has undergone significant changes,including that the concentration of equity is steadily decreasing;private,remote and financial industry's shareholders are increasing.Consequently,problems like the opaque shareholder identity have increased,and the scale of connected loans and equity pledges has continued to rise.The performance of banks with different ownership structures showed different patterns.Banks with moderately concentrated ownership structures performed better.Banks controlled by the state and foreign shareholders were relatively stable.Banks controlled by non-financial enterprises and private shareholders performed poorly.Thus,it is recommended to clarify the functions of small and medium banks;learn from international experience to optimize the ownership structure;strengthen the financial supervision;actively respond to the economic cycles and repair banks'balance sheet;cultivate the entrepreneurial spirit of bank shareholders.