基于离散元的高能效挖掘机铲斗斗型参数研究

Parameters Study of High Energy Efficiency Excavator Bucket Based on Discrete Element Theory

为了解决挖掘机铲斗设计的技术瓶颈,提升铲斗正向设计能力,通过在最优轨迹下基于离散单元法对铲斗与物料作用机理研究,揭示关键斗型参数对挖掘机整机作业效率和能耗的影响规律。结果表明:不同宽深比、切削余角和刃角,铲斗填充效果和受力有明显区别。为了获得最佳的填充效率和能耗,适应不同工况的铲斗应该设计不同的参数,以挖掘和切削为主的铲斗,宽深比和刃角应设计的较小,切削余角应设计的较大;以装载为主的铲斗,则与其相反。三者的推荐范围分别为宽深比1.1~1.8,切削余角50°~72°,刃角40°~60°。同时,在其理论的指导下开发了阻力小、效率高的系列化铲斗,比上一代铲斗提升整机能效20%。

In order to solve the technical bottleneck of domestic excavator bucket design and improve the forward bucket design ability,this paper reveals the influence law of key bucket parameters on the overall operation efficiency and energy consumption of excavator by studying the interaction mechanism between bucket and material based on discrete element method under the optimal trajectory.The results show that the filling effect and force of bucket are obviously different with the ratio of width to depth,the complementary cutting Angle and the edge Angle.Therefore,in order to obtain the best filling efficiency and energy consumption,different parameters should be designed for the bucket in different working conditions.For the bucket mainly focused on digging and cutting,the width to depth ratio and edge Angle should be smaller,while the cutting complementary Angle should be larger.Load-based bucket,on the contrary.The recommended ranges of the three are the width to depth ratio of 1.1~1.8,the complementary cutting Angle of 50°~72°,and the edge Angle of 40°~60°.At the same time,under the guidance of its theory,a series bucket with small resistance and high efficiency has been developed,which improves the energy efficiency of the whole bucket by 20%compared with the last generation bucket.