中子衍射技术测量残余应力的研究进展

Research Development of Residual Stress Measured by Neutron Diffraction

随着我国中子大科学装置技术的发展和进步,中子衍射技术已广泛应用于航空、航天、核电、汽车等各领域。本文介绍中子衍射残余应力测量原理及相关基础知识,与其他深部应力测试结果进行对比,中子衍射具有高穿透力,是无损获得材料及工程部件内部三维应力的最有效方法,尤其适用于局域位置的应力测量,在工程部件残余应力测试与分析,揭示制造加工工艺或使用过程中残余应力的演变及相关的形变、相变机理方面独具优势,相应原位实验与测试技术的发展为材料研制及性能评价提供重要的技术手段,中子衍射技术将在材料与工程领域发挥不可替代的作用。

With the development and progress of neutron science apparatus technology in China,neutron diffraction technology has been widely used in aviation,aerospace,nuclear power,automobile and other fields.In this paper,the principles and related basic knowledge of residual stress measurement by neutron diffraction were introduced.Compared with other deep stress measurement methods,neutron diffraction has high penetration,and it is the most effective nondestructive method to obtain three-dimensional stress in materials and engineering parts,especially suitable for local stress measurement.It has unique advantages in revealing the evolution of residual stress and the related deformation and phase transformation mechanisms during manufacturing or service.The development of corresponding in-situ experiment and testing technology provides an important technical means for material development and performance evaluation.Neutron diffraction technology will play an irreplaceable role in the fields of material and engineering.