价值评价与历史评价:《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中异化劳动的双重逻辑检视

Value Evaluation and Historical Evaluation:A Double Logical Review of Alienated Labor in the Economics and Philosophy Manuscripts in 1844

异化劳动是《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的核心命题,存在价值评价与历史评价的双重逻辑。以自由劳动为核心的哲学批判与以社会生产为核心的政治经济学分析,在《手稿》中初次相遇,完成了双重逻辑何以存在的基础性证明。以抽象人性为核心的价值评价,实现了对异化劳动的伦理批判,奠定了在劳动中实现“人的自由全面发展”的价值高度。以社会生产为核心的历史评价,实现了对一般劳动的历史说明,促进了解析异化劳动问题的规律思考以及历史唯物主义的形成。历史唯物主义的确立并未消解价值评价,而是将价值理想的实现建立在社会发展客观规律之上,从而完成了在异化劳动问题上由价值评价优先到历史评价优先的逻辑转变。

Alienated labor is the core in the Economics and Philosophy Manuscripts in 1844, and there is a dual logic of value evaluation and historical evaluation. The philosophical criticism centered on free labor and the political economy analysis centered on social production met for the first time in the "Manuscript", completing the basic proof of the existence of dual logic. The value evaluation with abstract human nature as the core realizes the ethical criticism of alienated labor and establishes the high value of "free and all-round development of human beings" in labor. The historical evaluation with social production as the core realizes the historical explanation of general labor, promotes the analysis of the laws of alienated labor, and the formation of historical materialism. The establishment of historical materialism did not dispel value evaluation, but based the realization of value ideals on the objective laws of social development, thus completing the logical shift from value evaluation priority to historical evaluation priority on the issue of alienated labor.