唐宋建筑转型的切片——以10-12世纪晋中地区地方建筑外檐斗栱配置方式演变为线索

The Architectural Transformation in the Tang and Song Dynasties:A Clue in the Evolution of the Bracket Sets in Local Buildings in the Central Region of Shanxi Province,10th to 12th Centuries

唐宋时期,外檐补间斗栱出现并形成定制,引发了外檐斗栱形制的一系列调整,深刻地改变了传统建筑的立面构图形式。文章以晋中地区保存的五代宋金时期木构建筑为样本,展开对地方建筑外檐斗栱配置方式演变历程的研究,着重讨论结构形式与补间斗栱样式的匹配关系、外檐斗栱形制趋同、外檐斗栱假昂的出现与演变、斗栱配置的视觉考量等问题。文章认为,晋中地区宋金时期地方建筑中补间斗栱逐渐成为必备的构造,但是,补间斗栱的出现并不是结构进化的产物,而是地方结构体系吸收外来流行形制样式的结果。

During the Tang and Song Dynasties in the development of ancient Chinese architecture,the appearance and systematising of intercolumnar bracket sets of the outer eaves led to a series of adjustments to the styles and forms of outer-eave bracket sets,which profoundly changed the façade composition of traditional buildings.Based on the study of the sample group of wooden buildings in the Five Dynasties,the Song and Jin Dynasties(10–12th centuries)preserved in the central region of Shanxi Province,this article carries out a study on the evolution of the configuration of bracket sets in local buildings,discussing the relationship between styles of the structure and intercolumnar bracket sets,the homogenisation of outer-eave bracket sets,the appearance and evolution of fake cantilevers in outer-eave bracket sets,and visual considerations behind the configuration of bracket sets.The article finds that the intercolumnar bracket sets gradually became an essential structure in local buildings under the Song and Jin Dynasties in central Shanxi.However,the appearance of intercolumnar bracket sets was not a product of structural evolution,but a result of the absorption of popular styles from other regions by the local structural system.