从长安到西安:唐代之后长安城垣格局的变迁

From Chang’an to Xi’an:Transitions in Pattern and Form of Chang’an City Wall Since the Tang Dynasty

文章以唐代之后西安地区历代城市的城垣格局作为研究对象,通过辨析、互证古代史志、考古报告与物质实体,发掘、精研已灭失建筑的历史影像,尝试梳理总结城垣格局在隋唐、唐末五代、宋金元、明代、清代五个时段之间确切的继承与演变的历史事实及动因、特征、意义。注重实体、制度、体系的历时性变化、因袭关系和分野对比,强调历史的连贯性,解析空间结构中的民族分布和权力表征。文章尝试完善既有研究的不足,为以西安为代表的历史城市建筑遗产与历史环境的保护、更新、再生、复兴提供价值判断和实践操作的依据。

This article takes the patterns and forms of city walls in the Xi’an region after the Tang Dynasty as the research object.Through discrimination and mutual confirmation of historical records,archaeological reports and physical entities,excavation and study of the lost buildings’historical images,as well as questioning and criticising existing research achievements,this article summarise the exact historical facts,causes,characteristics and significance of inheritance and evolution of the pattern and form of city walls in five stages,namely the Sui(581–618)and Tang(618–907)Dynasties,the late Tang and the Five Dynasties(907–960),the Song(960–1279),Jin(1115–1234)and Yuan(1271–1368)Dynasties,the Ming Dynasty(1368–1644),and the Qing Dynasty(1636–1912).The article focuses on the diachronic changes,inheritance relationship and contrasts in the entity,institution and system,emphasising the coherence of history,analysing the ethnic distribution and power representation in the spatial structure.It attempts to improve the shortcomings of existing researches,providing guidance for value assessment and a basis for practical operations in the protection,renewal,regeneration and revival of the built heritage and historical environment of cities represented by Xi’an.