从认知视角分析虚拟现实中的道德责任归属

On the Attribution of Moral Responsibility in Virtual Reality from the Cognitive Perspective

不同于现实世界,在基于虚拟现实技术的虚拟世界中,任何事件的过程本质上都是彻底的计算过程。因此,在其中的认知活动通常比现实世界中的更具延展性,这使得诸如道德责任归属等伦理问题之于虚拟世界体现出一定的特殊性。虚拟世界中的行动决策可能由来自用户、虚拟世界或现实世界的认知资源单独或共同参与作出,而不同类型认知资源及其参与程度差异会影响决策活动控制中心之所在。根据控制中心所在位置及其原因的不同,虚拟世界中的行动及其后果的道德责任可以合理地归属于用户、虚拟世界或虚拟世界创造者。

Unlike in the real world,in the virtual world based on virtual reality technology,the processes of any events are essentially and completely computational processes.Hence,the cognitive activities therein are usually more extended than those in the real world,which makes the ethical problems such as the attribution of moral responsibility in the virtual world special.An action in the virtual world can be decided by the cognitive resources from users,virtual world or real world solely or jointly,and the locus of control of the decision is influenced by the types of cognitive resources involved and the degrees of their involvement.According to the locus of control and its cause,the moral responsibility of an action and its consequences in the virtual world can be reasonably attributed to users,virtual world or its creators.