“布衣”抑或“王孙”——以“新黔首挟兵令”为重心的韩信身世再探

An“Ordinary Man”or“Prince’s Descendant”?:A Re-exploration of Han Xin’s Family Background Centering on“Ordinance on Weapon Bearing by New Black-haired People”

司马迁笔下之韩信"始为布衣",学界多以此断定韩信乃平民出身,分析《史记》所言"始为布衣"者,其出身皆存疑。《淮阴侯列传》中所载"母冢""执戟"故事与"王孙"一称似乎对韩信真实出身有所暗指,利用出土文献中"新黔首挟兵令"相关简文,考察韩信于淮阴"好带刀剑",很可能与秦王朝对原六国贵族之后的特殊赐爵相关。"韩信虽为布衣时,其志与众异"不仅体现出司马迁对韩信的敬仰与惋惜,或许也蕴含了两人心理上的某种共鸣,进而影响了其笔下韩信人物形象。

Han Xin was depicted by Sima Qian as a"commoner originally";therefore,the academicians assert that he was born a commoner.His family background is disputable when such wordings in Records of the Grand Historian are further analyzed.Stories about his"mother’s tomb","bearing of a halberd",and his title of"Prince"recorded in"Biography of Huaiyin Marquis"all allude to Han Xin’s true family background.In accordance with the related excavated text written on the bamboo chips,"Decree Allowing New Common People to Carry Weapons",Han Xin"prefers to carry a knife and a sword"in Huaiyin,which may be related to the noble ranks that Qin Dynasty rewarded the decedents of former aristocratic families of the Six Kingdoms.As Sima Qian wrote,"despite his humble origin,Han Xin had exceptional aspirations",which not only reflects the author’s admiration and sympathy,but also implies a certain psychological resonance between the author and Han,thus influencing the image of the character he depicted.