王闿运《老子注》“德充应帝王”政治哲学思想探析

An Analysis of the Political Philosophy of“Complete Integrity and Competent Emperors”in Wang Kaiyun’s Annotation on Laozi

王闿运《老子注》“德充应帝王”政治哲学思想极为高妙精微。王闿运作为同光年间重要的湖湘哲人,继承了六朝论语学的释理传统、吸收了王弼解老的理论精粹、吸收了遍注诸子的实践经验。在政治哲学理论建构上他倡明的“清净勤世”的德性要求,期望培育主体圣人品性;强调了“言兵佐治”的实践途径,希求缔造富国强兵之盛世;提出“知圣率人”的管理方法,期望挽救内忧外患之危机。点明了“德充而应帝王”的成王成圣之光明大道,实现了道德践履与政治实践的合二为一。在政治理论发展方面及政治实践探索方面,“德充应帝王”思想对后世产生了重大影响。

Wang Kaiyun’s political philosophy in Annotation on Laozi is extremely exquisite.As an important philosopher during the reign of Tongzhi of Emperor Guangxu,Wang Kaiyun inherited the interpretation tradition of the Six Dynasties’Analects,absorbed the essence of Wang Bi’s theory of interpreting the classics,and absorbed the practical experience of all the scholars.In the theory construction of political philosophy,he advocated the moral requirements of“peacefulness and diligence”and expected to cultivate the main sage character;he emphasized the practical approach of“learning military strategy to assist national politics”and hoped to create a prosperous era of enriching the country and strengthening the army;he put forward the management method of“selecting and managing talents”,hoping to save the national political crisis.He pointed out the bright road of becoming a king and becoming a saint,and realized the combination of moral practice and political practice.In the aspect of the development of political theory and the exploration of political practice,the thought of“complete integrity and competent emperors”had great influence on later generations.