霉菌毒素引起肠毒性的机制

The mechanism of mycotoxins causing intestinal toxicity

霉菌毒素是主要由曲霉菌、青霉菌或镰刀菌类等真菌产生的次级代谢产物,它们是人类和动物食物中最常见的天然食品污染物。摄入受霉菌毒素污染的食物会引起以急性死亡、生殖紊乱、生长障碍和对传染病的抵抗力降低等为特点的毒理学改变。此外,霉菌毒素还具有致畸、致癌和致突变的风险。肠道是霉菌毒素摄入机体的首要屏障,与其他器官相比,霉菌毒素对肠道的影响是毒素作用于机体的开始,具有更重要的研究价值。本论文主要从霉菌毒素改变肠上皮及黏液屏障、肠微生物组成以及肠免疫功能等四个方面,综述了霉菌毒素造成肠毒性的主要原因及机制,为进一步药物研究或抑制霉菌毒素肠吸收寻找新靶点。

Mycotoxins are the mainly secondary metabolites produced by fungi such as Aspergillus,Penicillium or Fusarium,which are the most common natural food contaminants in human and animal food.Ingestion of food contaminated with mycotoxins can cause toxicological changes characterized by acute death,reproductive disorders,growth disorders,and decreased resistance to infectious diseases.In addition,mycotoxins have the risk of teratogenicity,carcinogenicity and mutagenicity.The intestinal tract is the primary barrier for mycotoxins to take into the body,and compared with other organs,the impact of mycotoxins on the intestine is the beginning of the toxins acting on the body,which has more important research value.This review summerizes the main reason and mechanism of mycotoxin causing intestinal toxicity from four aspects that mycotoxin induces the change of intestinal epithelium,mucus barrier,intestinal microbial composition and intestinal immune function,and aims to find new targets for further drug research or inhibition of mycotoxin intestinal absorption.