新中国成立以来我国大型体育场馆政策演进历程、特点与展望

Evolution,Characteristics and Prospect of Chinese Large Stadium Policy Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China

采用“三维”政策分析视角,全面审视新中国成立以来大型体育场馆政策的演进历程,并归纳出大型体育场馆政策发展变化的特点。大型体育场馆政策随我国竞技体育事业发展战略的调整而不断发展,政策演进经历萌芽、探索发展、市场化发展、科学发展和体系化发展5个阶段;大型体育场馆政策文本类型多元,通知类文本16件、刚要类和意见类文本14件、规划类文本5件、方案类与请示办法类文本4件、法律和条例类文本2件,政策文本建设已初具规模;政策内容涉及场馆规划建设、管理运营、对外开放、规范化服务及信息化建设等多个维度,权威性、激励性和劝告性等多种政策工具并存,政策工具体系业已形成,且政策绩效显著;我国大型体育场馆政策具体政策表现形式由隐性包含到显性专门、政策目标由服务单一到服务多元、政策内容由重场馆建设到重赛后运营、政策措施由单一举措到多措并举。

With the view of three-dimensional policy analysis,this paper clarified the large stadiums policy evolution process and summarized the characteristics of large stadium policy since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.The result showed that the large stadium policy has always been changed in response to the development strategy of elite sports in new China,the policy evolution has experienced five stages which is budding,exploratory development,marketing development,scientific development and systematic development.The development of large stadium policies has took shape through sixteen notifiable texts,fourteen act texts,five planning texts,four request texts and two legal texts.The policy content focused on the construction,the management,the operation,the opening,the standardized service,the information construction and so on,the authoritative,motivating,and advising policy tools have coexisted,and the policy tool system has also been formed.The large stadium policy features is that the policy manifestation from implicit inclusion to explicit specialization,policy objectives from single service to diversified services,policy content from heavy stadium construction to post-match operations and policy measures from single measures to multiple measures.