人因工程研究进展及发展建议

Research Progress and Development Suggestions on Human Factors Engineering

近年来一门综合性交叉学科—人因工程(Human Factors Engineering,HFE)越来越受到人们的关注。它运用多学科理论和方法,研究人、机器及其工作环境之间相互关系,使系统的设计满足人的生理心理特性并实现安全高效的目标。本文简要回顾了人因工程学科的发展历程,探讨了人因工程的基本概念、学科特点以及价值意义,分析了人因工程与军事和工业革命发展的关系,指出了未来人因工程发展方向。论文重点对人因工程涉及的关键科学问题,如人的作业能力、人因失误与安全性、人机(新技术)交互原理、人因设计与测评方法等进行了梳理和阐释。最后针对我国人因工程发展现状和存在的问题,从国家战略、基础研究与学科建设等方面提出了发展建议。

Recently,an interdisciplinary subject,Human Factors Engineering(HFE),has attracted more and more attention.HFE is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of humans,machines and the interactions among humans and other elements of a system,and the profession that applies multidisciplinary theories and principles,and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.This paper briefly summarizes the history of HFE,discusses the basic concepts,the characteristics of discipline and the value of HFE,analyzes the relationship between HFE and the development of military and industrial revolution,points out the future development trend of HFE.Critical scientific issues,such as human performance capability,human error and safety,human-machine(new technology)interaction theory,ergonomic design and evaluation methods,are elaborated.Finally,in view of the development status and problems of HFE in China,suggestions for development are put forward from the aspects of national strategy,basic research and discipline construction.