螺旋桨表界面特性研究进展与科学挑战

Research Progress in Surface Properties of Propeller and the Scientific Challenges

螺旋桨是船舶和水下航行体的常用推进装置,通过旋转做功产生推力。螺旋桨性能提升可以减少能源消耗和运行成本、提高乘船舒适性和舰船声隐身性,在民用和军用领域有显著需求。表界面特性是影响螺旋桨性能的关键因素,然而,目前对螺旋桨表界面特性的研究还存在诸多不足。本文立足于螺旋桨的效率和空化空蚀性能,介绍了表面形貌和表面润湿性对螺旋桨性能的影响规律和研究进展,分析了螺旋桨表界面特性研究中存在的关键科学问题,最终对螺旋桨未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Marine propeller is a commonly used propulsive device for ships and underwater vehicles,and it generates the thrust through the rotating motion.The improvement in propeller performances can reduce the energy consumption and the operation cost,improve the comfortability on board and the quietness of the warships,which has a great demand in both civilian and military fields.The surface properties of the propeller is one of the key factors that influence the propeller performances,while currently there still exist many deficiencies in the research of the surface properties.This review,based on the efficiency,cavitation and cavitation erosion performances of the propeller,introduced the current research progress in the effects of the surface topography and surface wettability on the performances of the propeller,and analyzed the critical scientific problems existed in the surface properties research of the propeller,and finally the developing trend of the propeller was prospected.