西藏高原地区与内地平原地区阿尔茨海默病的患病情况调查

Incidence of AD in Tibet plateau and inland plain areas

目的通过对西藏拉萨高原地区与菏泽平原地区老年阿尔茨海默病(AD)的发病环境因素及人群分布特点进行调查。方法选取2018年1月~2019年7月西藏拉萨市及山东省菏泽市的城镇居民及城镇周边农村居民人口为研究对象,入选拉萨地区藏族8000例(高原组),其中男性4000例,女性4000例。入选菏泽地区汉族8000例(平原组),其中男性4000例,女性4000例。对2组不同性别、年龄、地区、文化程度、职业的AD患病率进行比较。结果高原组和平原组女性AD患病率明显高于男性(14.7%vs 11.5%,13.4%vs 10.5%,P<0.01)。高原组和平原组随年龄增长,AD发病率逐渐增高(P<0.01)。高原组城区AD患病率明显高于平原组(12.9%vs 9.9%,P<0.01)。平原组郊区AD患病率明显高于城区(15.7%vs 9.9%,P<0.01)。高原组大学及以上AD患病率明显高于平原组(6.9%vs 4.3%,P<0.05)。高原组脑力工作AD患病率明显高于平原组(10.0%vs 6.5%,P<0.01)。结论两地区因地域及文化差异等因素,AD患病情况有所不同。高海拔对AD发病有一定促进作用。

Objective To investigate the environmental factors and population distribution characteristics of senile AD in Tibet plateau and inland(Heze)plain areas.Methods Eight thousand Lhasa Tebetans(4000 males and 4000 females)served as a plateau group and 8000 Heze(Shandong Province,China)Han residents(4000 males and 4000 females)served as a plain group in this study.The gender,age,inhabitant areas,education level,occupation and incidence of AD were compared between the two groups.Results The incidence of AD was significantly higher in females than in males of the two groups(14.7%vs 11.5%,13.4%vs 10.5%,P<0.01).The incidence of AD increased gradually with the increasing age in two groups(P<0.01)and was significantly higher in plateau group than in plain group(12.9%vs 9.9%,P<0.01),in suburban district than in urban district in plain group(15.7%vs 9.9%,P<0.01),in those with a≥university education level in plateau group than in plain group(6.9%vs 4.3%,P<0.05),and in mental workers of plateau group than in those of plain group(10.0%vs 6.5%,P<0.01).Conclusion The incidence of AD is different in Tibet plateau and inland plain areas due to different regions and cultures.High altitude plays a certain role in increasing the onset of AD.