我国弃风弃光电量再利用的分析与对策

Analysis and Countermeasures for Reuse of Wind and Photovoltaic Power Curtailment in China

风电和光伏发电作为清洁电能,是能源和电力结构的有效补充。截至2019年底,风电与光伏发电装机均已突破2×108kW,两者合计占总电力装机的比例超过20%,而发电量合计占全国总发电量的约8.5%,风光发电的产能仍有较大的开发和释放空间。风光发电的不稳定性决定了其很难实现全部并网,虽然国家有计划地提升风光发电的利用率,但仍有一定比例的弃风弃光电量存在。2019年全国弃风、弃光电量之和为215×10^(8)kW·h,仍然有再利用的意义。长远来看,提高风光发电入网比例的主流思路,是提高对风光的预测精度和开发合理的多能互补技术。而短期内,开发新型高效的储能方式是解决电量过剩最根本的办法,局域电网与高耗电项目的联动建设也有望成为弃风弃光电量的主要利用方向,而新型离线非连续式智能用电设备的开发与推广,也可能成为消耗弃风弃光电量的重要组成。

As clean electric energy,wind power and photovoltaic power generation are the effective supplement to the energy and power structure.By the end of 2019,both the installed capacity of wind power and photovoltaic power generation exceeded 200 million k W,and the two together accounted for more than 20% of the total power installed capacity.The wind and photovoltaic power generation accounted for about 8.5% of the total power generation in China.There is still much room for the development and release of wind and photovoltaic power generation capacity.The instability of wind and photovoltaic power generation determines that it is difficult to achieve full grid connection.Although China has planned to improve the utilization rate of wind and photovoltaic power generation,there is still a certain proportion of wind and photovoltaic power curtailment.In 2019,the total wind and photovoltaic power curtailment in China was 21.5 billion k W·h,and its reuse is of great significance.In the long run,the mainstream ideas to increase the proportion of wind and photovoltaic power grid connection are to improve the prediction accuracy of wind and photovoltaic power and to develop reasonable multi-energy complementary technologies.But in the short term,the development of new high efficiency energy storage method is the most fundamental way to solve the problem of excess power,the linked construction of local power grid and high power-consuming projects is expected to become the main utilization direction of wind and photovoltaic power curtailment,and the new offline non-continuous intelligent electrical equipment may also become an important consumer of wind and photovoltaic power curtailment.