视网膜缺血动物模型的建立及研究进展

Establishment and research progress of retina ischemic animal model

视网膜缺血是缺血性视神经病变、视网膜动静脉阻塞、颈动脉阻塞性疾病、早产儿视网膜病变、慢性糖尿病视网膜病变和青光眼等多种视网膜疾病的共同病理生理过程。建立视网膜缺血动物模型对了解视网膜缺血性疾病的病理机制以及探索其治疗方法至关重要。目前常用的视网膜缺血动物模型方法有升高眼压法、结扎血管法、线栓法、光化学法及注射药物法等,深入了解模型建立方法,分析不同模型的适应病症,对视网膜缺血性病变研究的实验设计具有重要的参考价值。

Retinal ischemia is the common pathologic process in many ophthalmic diseases,including ischemic optic neuropathy,retinal artery and vein occlusion,carotid artery obstructive disease,retinopathy of prematurity,chronic diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma.It is very important to establish animal models to investigate pathology mechanism and explore the treatment of retinal ischemia disease.At present,the commonly used methods for establishing retinal ischemia animal models include increasing intraocular pressure,ligating of blood vessels,suture method,photochemical method,and drug injection etc.This article summarizes the methods to establish the animal models and analyzes the indication for each animal model.It is expected that the method of establishing a retinal ischemic animal model will be helpful to the experimental design of follow-up retinal ischemia studies.